How
Violent Males Co-Opt Woman-Initiated Nonviolent Movements
CarolMoore, Fall 2001
Including excerpt from Robin
Morgan's
book
THE
DEMON LOVER: ON THE SEXUALITY OF TERRORISM
(W.W. Norton, 1989,
Chapter
5, “Wargasm: The Revolutionary High”)
Robin Morgan, a child television actress, was co-founder of the late
sixties
feminist group WITCH (Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from
Hell”)
and editor of the 1970s feminist classic SISTERHOOD IS POWERFUL.
She became a 1970s bomb-building member of a revolutionary cell,
managed
to avoid arrest, and went on to become Editor of MS Magazine.
In Chapter five of “Demon Lover”, titled “Wargasm: The Revolutionary
High”,
Morgan describes how women start many movements, men co-opt them just
as
they start to become viable, and then turn them into excuses to prove
their
“manhood” through violence, thereby harming the movements. She
uses
as examples the civil rights movement (from Rosa Parks to the
Black
Panthers), the environmental movement (from Rachel Carson to Earth
First
and the Red Army faction), and the welfare rights movement (from female
welfare clients to male militants.)
Were Morgan writing today, she would have added the
“Anti-Globalization”
or “Global Justice Movement.” After I put the excerpt on an
anarchist
feminist list, one woman wrote back: “I couldn't say that womyn are the
only ones in this movement but the ideas were definitely politicized by
womyn first.” She then provided a long list of such women activists and
women-led groups, including: Lori Wallach of Public Citizen, Vandana
Shiva,
Wangari Maathai, Sarah Van Gelder, Vicki Robin, Quebec longtime
organizers
who created the World March of Womyn, Sally Soriano, Priti Ramamurthy,
Frances Moore Lappe. She noted: “There's commonalities between
all
of their critiques but it's mainly more small scale, grass-roots
community
organizing that womyn are doing or have seemed to put their energies
into.”
None of these women expected that their decades long efforts would
become
merely one more movement in which macho young white males could prove
their
manhood.
Of course, even in the peace
movement self-avowed "pacificists" will freely mock women who dare
to criticize diversity of tactics or make any kind of feminist analysis
of patriarchal institutions or actions. See the DAWN/SHAC incident which includes the obnoxious The Betty Big Butt incident.
Morgan writes:
These [civil rights, environmental movment, welfare rights movement] are only three examples. One can look in any direction where “the revolution” beats its chest and howls, and see the same process. Given minor variations, I would delineate that process in ten steps.
1. Women
notice
a problem, compare notes about it, name it, decide to do something
about
it.
2. Women move
from
the daily resistance that informs their lives (hiding children from
slave
masters or armies, secreting food for their families in famine, writing
protest letters, etc.) into a loose linkage of action with other women
(parent groups, church affiliations, "good works" associations,
neighborhood
action committees, market womens guilds, etc.). These are all
voluntary.
The groups are informal, fluidly structured, filled with a sense of
hope
and good will.
3. These groups urge,
cajole, and guilt-trip ("nag") men to become involved: agribusiness is
taking over the farm; the corner needs a traffic light; a toxic-waste
dump
shouldn't go in next door; this village needs a well. I would
characterize
this phase as "Please, Herman, come with me to the meeting. It’s
helpful.
Honest, you'll like it."
4. The men finally
become
involved. The issue is now Important because it is no longer a "women's
issue." The men assume leadership. The women permit this because they
are
relieved that the men are now concerned and active at all, they know
that
the men will be Taken Seriously, and they know that the men won't
return
to future meetings if they're not the leaders.
5. Because men's
time is valuable, the leadership positions can no longer be voluntary;
the men must be salaried. Funds must therefore be raised. The women
raise
the money through more voluntarism (making and selling baskets, bake
sales,
etc.).
6. The men regard the
women as tangential to the issue because the issue is now Political.
(Tautologically,
if it's a women’s issue, it's not important; if it's an important
issue,
it doesn’t concern women.) Because of their self-serving myopic
definition
of women's issues, the men exclude the women as a political
constituency.
The men say that prior to this time, the group was
"masturbatory-rnerely
talking to those already convinced." Now, however, the men will build a
real 'movement,' i.e., the men will confront other men.
7. A fatal shift
in tone occurs-a slide from moral and spiritual integrity (now regarded
as sentimental, idealistic, womanly) into self-righteousness. If the
previous
activism was church-oriented, for example, the shift is likely to be
from
a spiritual basis to one of religious fanaticism. Fragmentation of the
practical from the metaphysical occurs-with the former then being lost
in materialist fundamentalism and the latter being lost in religious
fundamentalism
of various sorts.
8. The
consequence
of this fragmentation is the emergence of the "higher good" fallacy,
leading
to an ends-justify-the-means attitude. As abstractions proliferate, the
original issues are likely to be forgotten entirely. Unease expressed
by
the women at this point is dismissed as conservatism, cowardice,
liberalism,
or divisiveness. Acceptance of this situation separates the girls (the
tokens) from the women.
9. The
combination
of a circumscribed constituency, self-righteousness, and the concept of
an abstract higher good introduces manhood as the real issue. Manhood
identity
now depends on waging the struggle. Rhetoric, "turf," tools and weapons
uniforms, become fetishes of that manhood identity, as in Frazer's
concept
of contagious magic to the savage mind. The result is a dead end:
the shift from living for a cause--e.g.,fighting to enhance the quality
of living-to dying for a cause now locks into place. Violence. Those
who
question are traitors.
10. A politics
of hope has become a politics of despair. The goal is now too abstract
and absolute to be attainable, nor can manhood be satisfied by less.
Cynicism
sets in, as does the strategy of provocation and polarization. What
once
aimed fora humanistic triumph now aims for a purist defeat. Martyrdom.
The State obliges.
The politics beneath the politics was manhood.
One way to see this absurdity in perspective is to reverse the reversal
and imagine people boasting about killing and dying in "womanhood
struggles."
That women have indeed been robbed of a self-defined womanhood ought to
be obvious by now, but women don't seem to feel that supertoughness and
murder will suffice to recreate the self or engender that womanhood
identity.
However enraged we become---and however much an individual woman may
act
(classically) in defense of her children or (lately) in defense of
herself-women
as a group do not mobilize for our own rights through violent means.
Too
patient? Too hesitant, having considered too many variables? Too held
back
by the virtues of ambivalence? One thing is certain- men of the
State-that-is
and men of the State-that-would-be share form as well as content; as
the
State increasingly adopts terrorist means, so the terrorists
increasingly
adopt State structures of organization---"playing State," so to speak.
They become mirror images admiring each other. And men of the
State-that-is
and of the State-that-would-be also share a peculiar intoxication. It
permits
them to call up armies, attach electrodes to living flesh, justify the
invention, testing, and stockpiling of world-destroying weapons; it
also
permits them to "knee-cap" informers with electric drills, purge
"incorrect"
col-leagues by literal crucifixion, and eventually to consider the
political
reasons for doing these things as secondary or irrelevant to the mere
doing
of them as creative acts. Such men suffer from a lack of
ambivalence....A
lack of ambivalence cannot tolerate complexity or compassion. A
lack
of ambivalence is the hallmark of leadership–in the State-that-is and
the
State-that-would be...A lack of ambivalence must be trained into a
man.
Can it ever be trained out of him? Reward of ambivalence is “a
frenzy,
an excitement, an exhilaration–an organismic thrill in violent
domination
with which, he is taught, no act of lovemaking could possibly compete.”